Nicaragua Raids Costa Rica, Blames Google Maps

Matt McGee

An error on Google Maps has caused an international conflict in Central America.

A Nicaraguan military commander, relying on Google Maps, moved troops into an area near San Juan Lake along the border between his country and Costa Rica. The troops are accused of setting up camp there, taking down a Costa Rican flag and raising the Nicaraguan flag, doing work to clean up a nearby river, and dumping the sediment in Costa Rican territory.
La Nacion — the largest newspaper in Costa Rica — says the Nicaraguan commander, Eden Pastora, used Google Maps to “justify” the incursion even though the official maps used by both countries indicate the territory belongs to Costa Rica. Pastora blames Google Maps in the paper:

See the satellite photo on Google and there you see the border. In the last 3,000 meters the two sides are from Nicaragua.

(Note: I’m using the Google translation of this original article.)
The paper points out that Bing Maps shows the correct and officially recognized border. Here’s a comparison of what I believe is the disputed area:

A Google spokesperson in Central America told La Nacion that the company doesn’t know the source of the maps error. Earlier this summer, Google announced that it made “significant improvements to our borders for over 60 countries and regions.” The Cambodian government has previously accused Google of being “radically misleading” in how it shows the border between it and Thailand.
Meanwhile, tension is rising in Costa Rica — a country without a military. Costa Rican President Laura Chinchilla went on national TV last night and asked citizens to “be calm and firm, amid the outrage that these events provoke within us.”
(Thanks to Javier M. for the tip.)
Postscript: See our follow-up post, Google Maps: Uncle Sam’s To Blame For That Costa Rica-Nicaragua Border Error
Postscript #2: Our wording above, which implies that Pastora looked at Google Maps before moving troops into the region, may be incorrect. From reading additional news reports and speaking with journalists from the Tico Times, it sounds likely that the troops were already in the area before Google Maps was used to review the disputed border.
Postscript #3 (November 12): Google says it has fixed the border error on Google Earth and is still working on fixing it on Google Maps. As I type this, Google Maps still shows in the incorrect border.

Traditional Marketing....Move Over by Rayanne Thorn

After almost ten years in the recruiting industry as a contract recruiter, retained executive recruiter and corporate recruiter, I joined a recruiting software company as their Marketing Director in the United States.  They had recently launched their US operations after nine years of success and market domination in the UK.  I was thrilled to join this company but also recognized the challenges that lay before me.   In particular, with those that lay with the changing landscape of marketing.

I took several marketing classes when I was in university but none of them addressed how the internet had changed the rules of marketing and even more so, how social media would shatter our ideas of what marketing is or rather was. My traditional definition of marketing is something along the lines of the business of promoting or advertising a company or idea or product or service.  In the past, this has been accomplished by print advertisements, direct mail campaigns, commercials, referral programs or discounts and coupons.  With the onset of email, another advertising option was born.  Email marketing campaigns soon rivaled the best of any junk mail promotion and consumers learned quickly how to mark incoming mail as spam.

Not too long ago, we saw social media become all the rave and start to take the place of traditional marketing.  Advertisers jumped on the bandwagon and created Facebook fan pages and twitter accounts to try and capture the energy of early social media and be in on the ground floor of an incredibly impactful medium.  And what makes it so impactful other than the fact that it is all the rage and its utterly chameleon-like metamorphosis?  It is mostly permission-based.  Meaning, someone has to typically reveal information about themselves, their work, their likes and dislikes and then log in to a portal where they will be marketed to, based upon what they have chosen to reveal about themselves.  In other words, the audience is coming to the marketer, instead of the marketer going out and having to find its audience.

There are other advantages, just as the audience reveals certain characteristics and likes about themselves, so does the marketer.   Here it is:  people like to do business with people they know.  I consider myself to be the company that I work for.  I represent our workforce, every single employee.  I am an extension of our brand, our vision and because of that, there is a face attached to my company, and an underlying personality is made known.  I love what I do.  I love our brand.  I love the company where I work the people with whom I work.  This seeps out in everything I write or release.

And that is the clear advantage of social media; it is called “social media” for a reason.  I used to call it “new media” because employers were more comfortable with that moniker.  Social sounds too much like play and not enough like work.  And how could any good or revenue come out of play?  The bottom line is that marketing has been changed forever.  The days of direct mail/junk mail are numbered.   The need to produce a multi-million dollar commercial to be aired during a major sporting event is over.   Many companies have opted to increase their social media efforts as opposed to creating an expensive ad campaign to beat all ad campaigns. The internet and social media have forever altered how we communicate and resultant of that is an enduring change in how we do business.  Everything you do and say online can now be considered marketing.  Positive or negative.

And you may have heard this before but it’s not going away.

Global Traffic Map 2010

After my last map which had no real meaning I thought I would find one that was more relevant!
The website is located here:
http://www.telegeography.com/product-info/map_traffic/images/global-traffic-map-large.png

US Election Results Map

"Interactive" version here http://elections.nytimes.com/2010/results/senate

Basic but interesting video. "The Power of Geographic Information"

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jXqLHSBP_x0&goback=.gde_49657_member_32734071

Mobile Location Intelligence

Author: Shankar Narayanan 

 

"Communication has helped the world to shrink; Location Intelligence will make the personal worlds of individuals expand. Both are positive changes and we can rest assured that more changes are round the corner".

Looking back at 1999, the annual production of mobiles was less than 200 million worldwide; MP3 was yet to be launched, no Smartphones. Just take a look at today’s mobile market. Wow! What a growth in 10 years? This year’s production target for mobiles is above 1.5 billion. There are six different Smartphone operating systems (Windows Mobile, Symbian, Black Berry, iPhone, Palm, and Android). The following are becoming the de facto standards in some form in the mobile phones: MP3, FM radio, voice recorder, bluetooth, 10 mega-pixel camera, HD video, WiFi, digital TV, mobile computing, social networking, mobile e-commerce, mobile credit card (m-commerce?), and now Location Intelligence with GPS, Cell Id, WiFi, and so on. No other market has seen such a tremendous growth in the last 10 years like the mobile market.

So, let me cover the latest and the next big revolution expected in the mobile market: ‘Location Intelligence’ (LI). What is LI? Gathering the relevant and desired information around one’s location or any other preferred location, processing that information on the basis of personal preferences, context, and geography and delivering it at an appropriate time can be defined as LI. We need basic map data of any geography with extensive layers of information (global, continental, country and even street level, and finally at the door number level of the target location) to achieve this. Further, information on POI (Points of Interests) and any dynamic data such as traffic, weather, events, and offers could be all labeled as Location Intelligence. All the geo information have to be coded into latitude and longitude (Lat/Long) coordinates, so that you can reverse geo-code by giving Lat/Long coordinates and get the actual address or position of the place or person you look for. Global Positioning System (GPS), which is a U.S. military term generally used by every one, helps us pinpoint the position of a place or person easily.

Now, let’s quickly see how does GPS work and then move on to various technologies, applications, and current and future market opportunities. A GPS device basically has a RF modem and antenna that picks up signals from the satellites (there are about 16 satellites that orbit the earth and send signals that are picked up by all the GPS devices around the world ? in a way similar to radio signals that are picked up by FM/AM receivers). Any one is free to receive signals from these satellites that are owned by the U.S. government. These satellites send their current position in the orbit with respect to earth. The GPS devices get the positions of various satellites in orbit. Using the information about the position of at least three satellites, the GPS device calculates its position on earth, based on a method called ‘triangulation’. Thus, we are able to identify one’s precise position on earth using the GPS device.

Now let’s go back to map data. Currently companies like Navteq (a Nokia company) and Tele Atlas (a Tom Tom company) are the major map data providers, even Google gets the map data from these people. This map data is not in a form that can be used by a common man or a consumer. The maps provided by the map data vendor are in a particular format and have to be rendered by the Map Engine, so that it is compiled in a form that can be read by a common man. ‘Map Engine’ is a complex software owned only by a handful of companies such as Nokia, Google, Yahoo, Microsoft, deCarta, Spime, Navngo, and some others. The Map Engine has the routing engine incorporated in it, which computes the routing functions from point A to B to C and is used for simple textual navigation. Then comes the Navigation Engine, which can be part of the Map Engine or be independent of it. The Navigation Engine primarily does the turn-by-turn navigation, so that even if you miss a turn it re-computes and provides you the alternate routing with the help of the routing engine.

There are three types of Map Engines: Off-board, On-board, and Hybrid. Internet companies such as Google and Yahoo have off-board engines; you can access maps and their functionalities only if you are connected to the Internet. The most popular navigation application offered today by vendors on mobile phones, especially in the U.S., runs on ‘Off-board Engine’, which is slowly becoming obsolete.

Basically, in the off-board model the map and routing engine will be at the remote server and the device will access and download the map data and routing information from the remote server through the Internet. The off-board model for Web connected PCs will continue to be used for just mapping applications; but for mobile applications the pure off-board model will be less interesting in future. This is because when the off-board model was introduced, the mobile devices did not have the required processing power (it was less than 150 Mhz then) and storage capacity. But today’s Smartphones have a minimum of 400 Mhz processing power and 8 Giga Bytes of storage. Hence, the on-board Map Engine will be a viable model for any device that has processing power and storage.

With the on-board model, the biggest advantage for the common man or the end user is that he will have the power to access all mapping services such as location, POI, geo-coding, reverse geo-coding, routing, and full turn-by-turn navigation even while not connected to the Internet. For example, the complete North America map data is only 1.5 GB and if you go for only one state it is less than 200 MB, so if one has the needed data, he or she has all the freedom to use it and is never lost. Without the need to worry about Internet connectivity it works well like the Personal Navigation Device (PND) or the navigation device used in your car.

The hybrid model, which is a combination of both on-board and off-board functionalities, is becoming popular in mobile, PND, and Automobile Navigation devices. In the hybrid model, the device has all the map data, map engine, routing, and navigation engine resident in the device, no need for Internet connectivity for your regular mapping needs like finding your location, or any Points of Interest, or getting the routing information, or navigation to a location with full turn-by-turn functionality, and much more. The hybrid functionality kicks in when you want to look for any dynamic content or information such as traffic, weather, or events around a particular location or to download the map updates. It is capable of connecting to the Internet and fetching the needed information with respect to any location. The hybrid technology is great except for one caveat: it has to be ported on to every desired OS platforms in the netbook and mobile world such as Windows 7, Windows Mobile, Symbian, Black Berry, Android, and so on. But this is a characteristic problem in the mobile world (OS fragmentation) and we have to live with it unless someone comes out with a plausible solution. The Hybrid Map Engine is the latest technology; only Nokia has deployed it so far.

Today every phone shipped by Qualcomm’s hardware has the GPS module in it. Every smartphone shipped has GPS and WiFi in it. All high-end netbooks have GPS in them and all netbooks shipped in 2012 will have GPS and WiFi. Mobile Internet Devices (MID) designed today have GPS and WiFi. This will eventually enable the introduction of many more applications than what we see in the industry today.

Communication has helped the world to shrink; Location Intelligence will make the personal worlds of individuals expand. Both are positive changes and we can rest assured that more changes are round the corner.

The Essentials of Mobile Location Intelligence

Revolutionary advances in mobile technology and web use have added enormously to the importance of location intelligence in sensible business planning, reports Christopher Backeberg...

Location intelligence is sometimes shortened to LI but we'll use the catchier abbreviation of LocInt. Call it what you will, it has become a topic of some hot discussion in the mobile industry.
Right now, not enough businesses fully understand the meaning of LocInt and how to use it most effectively, according to a number of spatial information providers. The growing sophistication of digitally creating, storing and sharing geographical data makes the current situation both more complicated and much more exciting.
We're on the brink of a new, expanded phase in LocInt. The combination of mobile location information, cloud computing, software as a service (SaaS) and so-called Web 2.0 practices is ushering in what Francisco Ortiz De Urbina of ESRI Australia calls "Location Intelligence 2.0".
Ventana Research believes LocInt will be one of the key technologies to enable business innovation, becoming essential to achieve new levels of growth through improvement in business processes. However, it won't happen without overcoming some difficulties. Mark Smith, Ventana's executive vice-president of research, says of a recent study by the company: "The research found viral use of consumer mapping technology like Google in business, but organisations are challenged in utilising it to deal with the volumes and frequency of data that need to be integrated."
Shankar Narayanan, CEO of Spime, believes LocInt is "the next big revolution expected in the mobile market." He is also aware of the challenges, stating: "We need basic map data of any geography with extensive layers of information (global, continental, country and even street level, and finally at the door number level of the target location) to achieve this. Further, information on POIs (points of interest) and any dynamic data such as traffic, weather, events and offers could be all labelled as location intelligence."
In short, it's time to prepare for the marriage of traditionally web-based LocInt and mobile location-based services (LBS).
So what is location intelligence?
In simple terms, LocInt is a technique for presenting geographical information in a graphic way, most often in the form of map layers. For example, different colours on a map may show the population density around a planned shopping centre, or the comparative return on investment by various stores in different locations.
The inclusion of LBS allows for the addition of new layers, such as the number of mobile users accessing a wi-fi hub, or even the number of mobile users in a given area at a given time who are opted in to a specific proximity marketing service.
Enterprises can gain crucial insights into the marketing environment by combining their sets of business data with geography-based information and, more recently, the specifically location-based information that mobile devices make possible. This collated information, labelled LocInt, gives businesses the opportunity to streamline their processes and customer relationships, which in turn can lead to improved business performance.
The sources of all this information include aerial maps, geographic information systems (GIS), consumer demographics and users' customer records. Spatial information companies that specialise in business-to-customer (B2C) applications provide businesses with the tools to map this information visually. The mapping apps can turn huge amounts of data into colour-coded visual representations that reveal trends and patterns at a glance.
A universe of users
According to Wikipedia, everyone's favourite source of quick, general information, LocInt is at the heart of commercial applications used in numerous sectors.
Communications & Telecommunications: For network planning and design, boundary identification, and identifying new customer markets.
Financial Services: To optimise branch locations and for market analysis, share of wallet and cross-sell activities, mergers and acquisitions, industry sector analysis, and risk management.
Government: For census updates, law enforcement crime analysis, emergency response, environmental and land management, electoral redistricting, tax jurisdiction assignment, and urban planning.
Healthcare: For site selection, market segmentation, network analysis, and growth assessments.
Hotels & Restaurants: For customer profile analysis, site selection, target marketing, and expansion planning.
Insurance: For address validation, underwriting and risk management, claims management, marketing and sales analysis, and market penetration studies.
Media: For target market identification, subscriber demographics, and media planning.
Real Estate: For site reports, comprehensive site analysis, retail modelling, and presentation-quality maps.
Retail: For site selection, maximising per-store sales, identifying under-performing stores, and market analysis.
Are you in sector not covered by these categories? If there isn't a LocInt app for you now, it's almost certain that there will be one soon.
Make room for LocInt 2.0
Location intelligence 2.0 isn't a new technology, it's the new approach to the use of location intelligence to keep up with the rapid evolution of the Internet and the mobile web.
Urbina at ESRI Australia explains: "This geography on the web or the geoweb is a rapidly evolving Web 2.0 market of innovative data and software applications, including location-based services, social software and even augmented reality, for both the web and mobile devices. Propelled by new location-aware smartphones, the geoweb is moving into the mainstream."
He adds: "The rise of social computing patterns and technology within the enterprise and out towards clients has given rise to the challenge of how to leverage your organisation's spatial information assets for a demanding end user with much greater expectations on usability, access and content."
Web 2.0 practices have paved the way for this evolution. Web 2.0 is also not a defined standard, it is a second-generation way of using the web.
By this loose definition, the early commercial Internet, or Web 1.0, consisted of the static, passive websites of the 1990s that couldn't offer user interaction or offer user-created content. Websites were basically no more than brochures viewed on a monitor.
Web 2.0 practises may make use of some comparatively older technology, such as contents management systems and frameworks for discussion forums or uploading photos to a website. Today, Web 2.0 finds expression in online social networks, wikis, YouTube and countless other interactive websites and blogs.
So LocInt 2.0 can be seen as the integration of the Web 2.0 approach and the location-awareness of smart mobile devices. Moreover, says Urbina: "The underpinning technologies are inexpensive, allow rapid deployments and are simple to use, but vitally, offer significant scope for the adoption and increasing usage of spatial information."
Finding the competitive edge
How do you stay ahead of the game in LocInt?
According to JIMAPCO, "Knowing your market is critical, and being able to see your strengths, weaknesses and opportunities gives you an edge never before available. By combining your data with other demographic and economic data sources, you can discern patterns, trends, strengths, weaknesses and opportunities to help you make better decisions."
Technology news writer Hannah Smalltree remarks that the best way to learn about a new place is to go there, but perhaps the second-best way is by using location intelligence. She says: "The tools and practices that make up location intelligence could be called the geographical version of business intelligence (BI)."
In its overview of LocInt, DMTI Spatial says: "At its simplest, location intelligence allows organisations to unlock business value by leveraging location content, ultimately making a measurable difference in your business performance."
DMTI tellingly observes that as much as 85% of a company's existing marketing data may already include references to location. The company adds: "It's no wonder that using location intelligence to leverage this latent data can have a significant impact on your bottom line."
The future of location intelligence
According to Steve Trammell, corporate alliance representative for ESRI, the biggest challenge in LocInt is education, not technology. He says: "We start talking about maps and people start thinking of a static document. We have to show them an interactive map - a map you click on which brings up information like customer locations, sales volume, or even something as mundane as the weather."
Trammel believes BI platform integration will help LocInt gain traction by bringing its potential value into perspective. He says the LocInt market will also be driven by the availability of more quality data sources than ever before and new databases of rich demographic information and other location-specific details.
Jim Stone, founder of GeoVue, educates companies about the use of LocInt to solve classic retail business problems. He comments: "The simplest way to think of location intelligence is a combination of software, content and services."
DMTI neatly spells out the gains that a company can make by using good location intelligence. From its experience with customers, DMTI has found that LocInt can increase revenue, improve customer service, decrease risk, enhance compliance and optimise capital investments. Those look like pretty compelling inducements.